Umlando wamathini e-aluminium
Amathini okupakisha ubhiya wensimbi kanye neziphuzo anomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1930, i-United States yaqala ukukhiqiza amathini ensimbi kabhiya. Leli thini elinezingcezu ezintathu lenziwe nge-tinplate. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wethangi inesimo sekhoni, kanti ingxenye engenhla inesivalo sethini esimise okwesigqoko. Ukubukeka kwayo okuvamile akuhlukile kakhulu kokwamabhodlela engilazi, ngakho-ke umugqa wokugcwalisa ibhodlela lengilazi wawusetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ekuqaleni. Kwaze kwaba ngawo-1950 lapho umugqa wokugcwalisa ozinikele wawutholakala khona. Isivalo sethini sashintsha saba yisimo esiyisicaba maphakathi nawo-1950 futhi sathuthukiswa saba yisivalo sendandatho ye-aluminium ngawo-1960.
Amathini okuphuza e-aluminium avele ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, kanti amathini e-DWI anezingcezu ezimbili aphuma ngokusemthethweni ekuqaleni kwawo-1960. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathini e-aluminium kushesha kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, ukusetshenziswa kwaminyaka yonke sekufinyelele ngaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-180, okuyisigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke kumathini ensimbi aphelele emhlabeni (cishe amabhiliyoni angu-400). Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amathini e-aluminium nakho kukhula ngokushesha. Ngo-1963, kwakuseduze no-zero. Ngo-1997, kwafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.6, okulingana no-15% wokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinto ezihlukahlukene ze-aluminium emhlabeni.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amathini e-aluminium buthuthukiswa njalo.
Sekungamashumi eminyaka, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amathini e-aluminium buthuthukiswa njalo. Isisindo samathini e-aluminium sincishisiwe kakhulu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, isisindo samathini e-aluminium ayinkulungwane (kufaka phakathi umzimba wethini kanye nesivalo) safinyelela kumakhilogremu angu-55 (cishe amakhilogremu angu-25), kwathi maphakathi nawo-1970 sehla saya kumakhilogremu angu-44.8 (25 kg). Amakhilogremu), sehla saya kumakhilogremu angu-33 (15 kg) ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, futhi manje sesehlile saya ngaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-30, okucishe kube yingxenye yalokho eminyakeni engu-40 edlule. Eminyakeni engu-20 kusukela ngo-1975 kuya ku-1995, inani lamathini e-aluminium (ama-ounces angu-12 ngomthamo) enziwe ngekhilogremu elilodwa le-aluminium landa ngo-35%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezibalo zenkampani yaseMelika i-ALCOA, izinto ze-aluminium ezidingekayo kumathini e-aluminium ayinkulungwane ngayinye zehlisiwe kusukela kumakhilogremu angu-25.8 ngo-1988 kuya kumakhilogremu angu-22.5 ngo-1998 kwabe sekwehla kwaba amakhilogremu angu-22.3 ngo-2000. Izinkampani zaseMelika ezenza amathini ziye zenza intuthuko eqhubekayo emishinini yokuvala kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke ubukhulu bamathini e-aluminium e-United States bunciphe kakhulu, kusukela ku-0.343 mm ngo-1984 kuya ku-0.285 mm ngo-1992 kanye no-0.259 mm ngo-1998.
Intuthuko elula ezivalweni zamathini e-aluminium nayo isobala. Ubukhulu bezivalo zamathini e-aluminium behle kusuka ku-039 mm ekuqaleni kwawo-1960 kuya ku-0.36 mm ngawo-1970, kusuka ku-0.28 mm kuya ku-0.30 mm ngo-1980, kanye no-0.24 mm maphakathi nawo-1980. Ububanzi besivalo samathini nabo buncishisiwe. Isisindo sezivalo zamathini siqhubeke nokwehla. Ngo-1974, isisindo samathini e-aluminium ayinkulungwane sasingamakhilogremu angu-13, ngo-1980 sehliswa saba ngamakhilogremu angu-12, ngo-1984 sehliswa saba ngamakhilogremu angu-11, ngo-1986 sehliswa saba ngamakhilogremu angu-10, kwathi ngo-1990 nango-1992 sehliswa saba ngamakhilogremu angu-9 kanye namakhilogremu angu-9 ngokulandelana. Amakhilogremu angu-8, ancishiswe aba amakhilogremu angu-6.6 ngo-2002. Isivinini sokwenza amathini sithuthuke kakhulu, kusukela ku-650-1000cpm (ngomzuzu kuphela) ngawo-1970 kuya ku-1000-1750cpm ngawo-1980 kanye nangaphezulu kuka-2000cpm manje.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 28-2021